Antibacterial Activity and Determination of Total Phenol and Flavonoid of Carica papaya L. Ethanol Extract
Keywords:
Papaya Leaf, Flavonoid, Fenol, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Abstract
Infectious diseases are Indonesia's most common. Antibiotics are used to treat infections. Medicine needs new antibiotics due to antibiotic resistance. Antibiotics from plants are possible. Papaya leaf carpain alkaloids may be antibacterial. This study determined papaya leaf compound content, flavonoids' total phenol content, and the optimal concentration of papaya leaf ethanol extract that inhibits Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The first stages of the research were the maceration of papaya leaf extract with 96% ethanol solvent, the phytochemical screening test (alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tannin, and steroid and triterpenoid tests), total phenol and total flavonoids tests, and the paper disc antibacterial activity test. Alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, steroids, and saponins were found in papaya leaf ethanol extract. Papaya leaf ethanol extract has 59.05 mgQE/g flavonoids and 56.80 GAE/g phenols. The antibacterial activity test of papaya leaf ethanol extract measured the diameter of the inhibitory zone on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, steroids, and saponins were found in papaya leaf ethanol extract. Papaya leaf ethanol extract has 59.05 mgQE/g flavonoids and 56.80 GAE/g phenols. Papaya leaf ethanol extract had the best inhibition zone diameter for Staphylococcus aureus at 150 mg/mL (12.85 mm) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 150 mg/mL (13.10 mm).
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References
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[2] J. F. Rehena, ‘Uji Aktivitas Ekstrak Daun Pepaya (Carica papaya. LINN) sebagai Antimalaria in vitro’, Jurnal Ilmu Dasar, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 96–100, 2010.
[3] U. B. S. Dimas, Y. M. D. Arina, and M. N. Amin, ‘Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Pepaya Terhadap Jumlah Sel Limfosit Pada Gingiva Tikus Wistar Jantan Yang Mengalami Periodontitis (The effect of papaya leaves extract to the number of lymphocytes cells to the male-wistar rat’s gingiva that undergo periodontitis)’, Pustaka Kesehatan, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 50–57, 2014.
[4] M. Parle and A. Gurditta, ‘Basketful benefits of papaya’, Int. Res. J. Pharm, vol. 2, no. 7, pp. 6–12, 2011.
[5] D. Meilani and M. Y. Kusumastuti, ‘Formulasi Gel Ekstrak Etanol Daun Afrika (Vernonia amygdalina Del) sebagai Antibakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa’, Prosiding SainsTeKes, vol. 1, pp. 1–6, 2019.
[6] M. J. Pelczar and E. C. S. Chan, ‘Dasar-Dasar Mikrobiologi Jilid I. Jakarta’. Ui Press, 2008.
[7] W. W. Davis and T. R. Stout, ‘Disc plate method of microbiological antibiotic assay: II. Novel procedure offering improved accuracy’, Applied microbiology, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 666–670, 1971.
[8] D. J. Dr, ‘Duke’s Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases’, Artemisia annua, 2005.
[9] G. J. Tortora, B. R. Funke, and C. L. Case, ‘Microbiology: An Introduction San Francisco’. Benjamin Cummings, 2001.
[10] B. J. Howard and J. C. Rees, ‘Host-parasite interactions: mechanisms of pathogenicity’, Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology. 2nd ed. USA: Mosby-Year Book Inc, 1994.
[11] E. Septiningsih, ‘Efek Penyembuhan Luka Bakar Ekstrak Etanol 70% Daun Pepaya (Carica Papaya L.) Dalam Sediaan Gel Pada Kulit Punggung Kelinci New Zealand’, PhD Thesis, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, 2009.
[12] N. Nasri, V. E. Kaban, K. Gurning, H. D. Syahputra, and D. Satria, ‘Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pepaya (Carica papaya Linn.) Terhadap Bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa’, INSOLOGI: Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi, vol. 1, no. 3, Art. no. 3, Jun. 2022, doi: 10.55123/insologi.v1i3.438.
[13] R. I. Kemenkes, ‘Farmakope Herbal Indonesia Edisi II’, Jakarta: Kementrian Kesehatan RI, 2017.
[14] H. M. Nasution, R. Yuniarti, Z. Rani, and A. Nursyafira, ‘Phytochemical Screening And Antibacterial Activity Test Of Ethanol Extract Of Jengkol Leaves (Archidendron Pauciflorum Benth.) IC Nielsen Against Staphylococcus Epidermidis And Propionibacterium Acnes’, International Journal of Science, Technology & Management, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 647–653, 2022.
[15] Q. Lathifah, ‘Uji efektifitas ekstrak kasar senyawa antibakteri pada buah belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) dengan variasi pelarut’, PhD Thesis, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim, 2008.
[16] M. Škerget, P. Kotnik, M. Hadolin, A. R. Hraš, M. Simonič, and Ž. Knez, ‘Phenols, proanthocyanidins, flavones and flavonols in some plant materials and their antioxidant activities’, Food chemistry, vol. 89, no. 2, pp. 191–198, 2005.
[17] C.-C. Chang, M.-H. Yang, H.-M. Wen, and J.-C. Chern, ‘Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods’, Journal of food and drug analysis, vol. 10, no. 3, 2002.
[18] N. Nasri, V. E. Kaban, H. D. Syahputra, and D. Satria, ‘Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Alpukat (Persea americana Mill) Terhadap Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa’, Herbal Medicine Journal, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 13–19, 2022.
[19] V. E. Kaban, N. Nasri, H. Dharmawan, and D. Satria, ‘Formulasi dan Uji Efektivitas Sabun Pencuci Tangan dari Ekstrak Daun Pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) Terhadap Bakteri Salmonella sp.’, Herbal Medicine Journal, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 8–12, 2022.
[20] J. B. Harbone, ‘Metode Fitokimia: Penuntun Cara Modern Menganalisa Tumbuhan, Terjemah Padmawinata, K’, Dan Soediro, I., Edisi Ii, Penerbitan ITB, Bandung, 1987.
[21] A. Syah, ‘EFEKTIVITAS TANAMAN PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.) TERHADAP PENYEMBUHAN LUKA: A NARRATIVE REVIEW’, PhD Thesis, Skripsi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang, 2021.
[22] A. Roni, M. Maesaroh, and L. Marliani, ‘Aktivitas antibakteri biji, kulit dan daun pepaya (Carica papaya L.) terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus’, Kartika: Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 29–33, 2019.
[23] F. Pourmorad, S. J. Hosseinimehr, and N. Shahabimajd, ‘Antioxidant activity, phenol and flavonoid contents of some selected Iranian medicinal plants’, African journal of biotechnology, vol. 5, no. 11, 2006.
[24] Y. Y. Andriani, I. Rahmiyani, S. Amin, and T. Lestari, ‘kadar fenol total ekstrak daun dan biji pepaya (Carica papaya L) menggunakan metode spektrofotometri UV-VIS’, Jurnal Kesehatan Bakti Tunas Husada: Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Keperawatan, Analis Kesehatan dan Farmasi, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 73–78, 2016.
[25] P. P. A. Bangun, A. P. Rahman, and H. Syaifiyatul, ‘Analisis kadar total flavonoid pada daun dan biji pepaya (carica papaya l.) Menggunakan metode spektrofotometer Uv-Vis’, Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Attamru (JIFA), vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1–5, 2021.
[26] T. M. de A. Alves et al., ‘Biological screening of Brazilian medicinal plants’, Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, vol. 95, pp. 367–373, 2000.
[27] N. K. Jati, A. T. Prasetya, and S. Mursiti, ‘Isolasi, identifikasi, dan uji aktivitas antibakteri senyawa alkaloid pada daun pepaya’, Indonesian Journal of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 1–6, 2019.
Published
2023-01-10
How to Cite
Karo-Karo, S. U., Arianto, A., & Salim, E. (2023). Antibacterial Activity and Determination of Total Phenol and Flavonoid of Carica papaya L. Ethanol Extract. International Journal of Science, Technology & Management, 4(1), 233-238. https://doi.org/10.46729/ijstm.v4i1.738
Section
Articles
