Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Potential Ethanol Extract of Kemangi Leaves (Ocimum basilicum L.) Towards Staphylococcus aureus
Keywords:
Staphylococcus aureus, antibacterial, kemangi leaves, ocimum basilicum L.
Abstract
An infectious disease is a disease with the highest prevalence in the world, with a great risk of transmission. Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen that can cause several infectious diseases. The use of kemangi leaves as vegetables can be used as an invention in treating infections caused by bacteria. The purpose of this study was a phytochemical screening test to determine what metabolites are contained and their potential activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The research method is to carry out a qualitative phytochemical screening test using reagents and an antibacterial potential test against Staphylococcus aureus using the Kirby-Bauer method (diffusion agar) with varying concentrations. The results showed that kemangi leaves extract showed positive results on the secondary metabolite compounds, were alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, glycosides, and steroids/triterpenoids. The diameter of the inhibition zone at a concentration of 500 mg/mL showed the diameter of the inhibition zone was 11.93 ± 0.25 mm with the strong category group. The conclusion is that the ethanolic extract of kemangi leaves shows the ethanolic extract of kemangi leaves has potential as an antibacterial.
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References
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[2] G. Kasta, ‘Antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract of rhizome turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) for growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans’, Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 5–8, 2020.
[3] N. Nasri, V. E. Kaban, K. Gurning, H. D. Syahputra, and D. Satria, ‘Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pepaya (Carica papaya Linn.) Terhadap Bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa’, INSOLOGI: Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 252–259, 2022.
[4] U. Harahap, A. Dalimunthe, T. Hertiani, M. Muhammad, Nasri, and D. Satria, ‘Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of ethanol extract of Vernonia amygdalina Delile. Leaves’, in AIP Conference Proceedings, 2021, vol. 2342, no. 1, p. 080011.
[5] M. Angelina, M. Turnip, and S. Khotimah, ‘Uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun kemangi (Ocimum sanctum L.) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus’, Jurnal Protobiont, vol. 4, no. 1, 2015.
[6] M. L. F. Kumalasari and F. Andiarna, ‘Uji fitokimia ekstrak etanol daun kemangi (Ocimum basilicum L)’, Indonesian Journal for Health Sciences, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 39–44, 2020.
[7] A. Lukman, ‘Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Kemangi (Ocimum Sanctum L) Terhadap Bakteri Patogen Dengan Metode KLT Bioautografi’, Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar, 2016.
[8] I. Jayanti, M. Jalaluddin, A. Avijeeta, P. K. Ramanna, P. M. Rai, and R. A. Nair, ‘In vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) Extract on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis.’, The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 415–419, 2018.
[9] M. Muhammad, N. Nasri, V. E. Kaban, D. Satria, and H. Cintya, ‘Antibacterial Potential Ethanol Extract of Papaya Leaves (Carica papaya Linn.) Towards Salmonella typhi’, BEST Journal (Biology Education, Sains and Technology), vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 265–270, 2022.
[10] R. Yuniarti, ‘SKRINING FITOKIMIA DAN KARAKTERISTIK MUTU FISIK SEDIAAN OBAT KUMUR DAUN KEMANGI (Ocimum basilicum L.)’, in PROSIDING SEMINAR NASIONAL HASIL PENELITIAN, 2022, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 252–255.
[11] R. F. R. Situmorang, K. Gurning, V. E. Kaban, M. J. Butar-Butar, and S. A. B. Perangin-Angin, ‘Determination of Total Phenolic Content, Analysis of Bioactive Compound Components, and Antioxidant Activity of Ethyl Acetate Seri (Muntingia calabura L.) Leaves from North Sumatera Province, Indonesia’, Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, vol. 10, no. A, pp. 240–244, 2022.
[12] N. W. Martiningsih and I. A. P. Suryanti, ‘Skrining Fitokimia dan Aktivitas Antijamur Minyak Atsiri Daun Kemangi (Ocimum sp.)’, in Seminar Nasional Riset Inovatif, 2017, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 631–636.
[13] S. R. Deshmukh, D. S. Ashrit, and B. A. Patil, ‘Extraction and evaluation of indole alkaloids from Rauwolfia serpentina for their antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities’, Int J Pharm Pharm Sci, vol. 4, no. Suppl 5, pp. 329–34, 2012.
[14] T. H. A. Alabri, A. H. S. Al Musalami, M. A. Hossain, A. M. Weli, and Q. Al-Riyami, ‘Comparative study of phytochemical screening, antioxidant and antimicrobial capacities of fresh and dry leaves crude plant extracts of Datura metel L’, Journal of King Saud University-Science, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 237–243, 2014.
[15] R. A. Syahputra, A. Sutiani, P. M. Silitonga, Z. Rani, and A. Kudadiri, ‘Extraction And Phytochemical Screening of Ethanol Extract And Simplicia of Moringa Leaf (Moringa Oleifera Lam.) From Sidikalang, North Sumatera’, International Journal of Science, Technology & Management, vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 2072–2076, 2021.
[16] M. K. Amir et al., ‘Phytochemical analysis of selected medicinal plants of Margalla Hills and surroundings’, Journal of medicinal plants research, vol. 5, no. 25, pp. 6055–6060, 2011.
[17] H. M. Nasution, R. Yuniarti, Z. Rani, and A. Nursyafira, ‘Phytochemical Screening And Antibacterial Activity Test Of Ethanol Extract Of Jengkol Leaves (Archidendron Pauciflorum Benth.) IC Nielsen Against Staphylococcus Epidermidis And Propionibacterium Acnes’, International Journal of Science, Technology & Management, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 647–653, 2022.
[18] W. B. Lay, ‘Analisis mikroba di laboratorium (Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada) Go to reference in article’, 1994.
[19] G. Haro, I. Iksen, and N. Nasri, ‘Identification, characterization and antibacterial potential of probiotic lactic acid bacteria isolated from naniura (A traditional batak fermented food from carp) against Salmonella typhi’, Rasayan Journal of Chemistry, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 464–468, 2020.
[20] N. Nasri, V. E. Kaban, H. D. Syahputra, and D. Satria, ‘Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Alpukat (Persea americana Mill) Terhadap Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa’, Herbal Medicine Journal, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 13–19, 2022.
[21] R. Yuniarti, S. Nadia, A. Alamanda, M. Zubir, R. A. Syahputra, and M. Nizam, ‘Characterization, phytochemical screenings and antioxidant activity test of kratom leaf ethanol extract (Mitragyna speciosa Korth) using DPPH method’, in Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2020, vol. 1462, no. 1, p. 012026.
[22] E. Husni, F. Ismed, and D. Afriyandi, ‘Standardization study of simplicia and extract of calamondin (citrus microcarpa bunge) peel, quantification of hesperidin and antibacterial assay’, Pharmacognosy Journal, vol. 12, no. 4, 2020.
[23] I. Solihah, M. Mardiyanto, S. Fertilita, H. Herlina, and O. Charmila, ‘The Standardization of Ethanolic Extract of Tahongai Leaves (Kleinhovia hospita L.)’, Science and Technology Indonesia, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 14–18, 2018.
[24] R. Rasyid, Y. Oktavia, F. Ismet, and H. Rivai, ‘Characterization of Simplicia and Ethanol Extracts of Bark of Asam Kandis (Garcinia cowa Roxb)’, Int. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicine, vol. 3, pp. 1–9, 2018.
[25] M. Sangi, M. R. Runtuwene, H. E. Simbala, and V. M. Makang, ‘Analisis fitokimia tumbuhan obat di Kabupaten Minahasa Utara’, Chemistry Progress, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 47–53, 2019.
[26] E. B. Minarno, A. N. Laily, and I. Alfiah, ‘Saponin Content Analysis on Leaves and Petioles of Carica pubescens Lenne & K. Koch’, in Proceeding of International Conference on Green Technology, 2017, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 311–318.
[27] L. Falcão and M. E. M. Araújo, ‘Tannins characterisation in new and historic vegetable tanned leathers fibres by spot tests’, Journal of cultural heritage, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 149–156, 2011.
[28] P. B. Ayoola and A. Adeyeye, ‘Phytochemical and nutrient evaluation of Carica papaya (pawpaw) leaves’, Ijrras, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 325–328, 2010.
[29] D. F. Oktaviani, S. M. Nursatya, F. Tristiani, A. N. Faozi, R. H. Saputra, and M. D. N. Meinita, ‘Antibacterial Activity From Seaweeds Turbinaria ornata and Chaetomorpha antennina Against Fouling Bacteria’, in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2019, vol. 255, no. 1, p. 012045.
[30] W. W. Davis and T. R. Stout, ‘Disc plate method of microbiological antibiotic assay: II. Novel procedure offering improved accuracy’, Applied microbiology, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 666–670, 1971.
[31] J. J. Rahal Jr and M. S. Simberkoff, ‘Bactericidal and bacteriostatic action of chloramphenicol against meningeal pathogens’, Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 13–18, 1979.
[32] K. Durgo, L. Vukovic, G. Rusak, M. Osmak, and J. F. Colic, ‘Effects of flavonoids on glutathione level, lipid peroxidation and cytochrome P450 CYP1A1 expression in human laryngeal carcinoma cell lines’, Food Technology and Biotechnology, vol. 45, no. 1, p. 69, 2007.
[33] S. Böttger, K. Hofmann, and M. F. Melzig, ‘Saponins can perturb biologic membranes and reduce the surface tension of aqueous solutions: a correlation?’, Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, vol. 20, no. 9, pp. 2822–2828, 2012.
[34] R. L. Lock and E. J. Harry, ‘Cell-division inhibitors: new insights for future antibiotics’, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 324–338, 2008.
Published
2022-11-07
How to Cite
Sanjaya, A. N., Harahap, U., & Dalimunthe, A. (2022). Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Potential Ethanol Extract of Kemangi Leaves (Ocimum basilicum L.) Towards Staphylococcus aureus. International Journal of Science, Technology & Management, 3(6), 1520-1526. https://doi.org/10.46729/ijstm.v3i6.630
Section
Articles
