Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract and Fraction of Daemonorops draco (Willd.) Blume. Fruit

Siti Samaniyah; Masfria; Panal Sitorus

doi:10.46729/ijstm.v3i4.544

Siti Samaniyah Postgraduate Programs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Tri Dharma No. 5, Kampus USU, Medan. Sumatera Utara, Indonesia 20155.
Masfria Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Tri Dharma No. 5, Kampus USU, Medan. Sumatera Utara, Indonesia 20155.
Panal Sitorus Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Tri Dharma No. 5, Kampus USU, Medan. Sumatera Utara, Indonesia 20155.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46729/ijstm.v3i4.544

Keywords: Daemonorops draco (Willd.) Blume, Antibacterial, Fractionation

Abstract

Daemonorops draco is a type of draco (Willd.) Blume fruit is well-known as an antiseptic, increases blood circulation, anti-microbial, anti-viral, anti-tumor, wound medicine, diarrhea, fractures, gonorrhea, mild burns, and other traditional medicines. Daemonorops draco is a type of draco (Willd.) Blume belongs to the Arecaceae family and contains alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids / triterpenoids, and glycosides, among other chemical components. Chemical compounds such as flavonoid compounds, saponins, and tannins have antibacterial and antiviral properties. Simplicia features, phytochemical screening, and antibacterial activity testing of ethanol extract and fruit fractions of Daemonorops draco (Willd.) Blume are all part of this study. Organoleptic, macroscopic, and microscopic tests were performed on the simplicia, as well as water content measurement on ethanol extracts. Maceration with ethanol as the solvent was followed by fractionation with n-hexane and ethylacetate as solvents. The phytochemical screening was done on Daemonorops draco (Willd.) Blume simplicia powder, extract, and fruit fraction. The antibacterial activity of each fraction was determined by examining the zone of inhibition against different test species, including Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), and Salmonella typhi (ATCC 25923). (ATCC 6539). The water content of the simplicia was 4.65 percent, and the ethanol extract was 5.98 percent, according to the results of the characterisation. Alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, and steroids/triterpenoids were found in the phytochemical screening test of the ethanol extract. At a concentration of 25 mg/ml, Staphylococcus aureus had the highest antibacterial activity with an effective inhibitory diameter of 15.3 mm, Escherichia coli had the highest antibacterial activity with an effective inhibitory diameter of 14.2 mm, and Salmonella typhi had the highest antibacterial activity with an effective inhibitory diameter of 14.5 mm.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

[1] A. AMBARWATI, ‘The effectiveness of antibacteria substances from neem seeds (Azadirachta indica) to impede the growth of Salmonella thyposa and Staphylococcus aureus’, Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, vol. 8, no. 4, 2007.
[2] S. Ganapathy and S. Karpagam, ‘In vitro evaluation of antibacterial potential of Andrographis paniculata against resistant bacterial pathogens Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Multiple Drug Resistant Escherichia coli (MDR E. coli)’, International Journal of Bioassays, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 4879–4881, 2016.
[3] G. F. Brook, K. C. Carroll, J. S. Butel, S. A. Morse, and M. A. Mietzner, ‘Jawetz, Melnick, dan Adelberg’s Mikrobiologi Kedokteran’. Jakarta: Salemba Medika, 2013.
[4] E. Jawetz, J. L. Melnick, E. A. Adelberg, G. F. Brooks, J. S. Butel, and L. N. Ornston, ‘Mikrobiologi kedokteran’, Jakarta: EGC, 2005.
[5] E. N. Panjaitan, A. Saragih, and D. Purba, ‘Formulasi gel dari ekstrak rimpang jahe merah (Zingiber officinale Roscoe)’, Journal of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 9–20, 2013.
[6] K. K. R. Indonesia, ‘Budidaya Tanaman Rotan Jernang (Daemonorops sp.)’, Jakarta (ID): Pusat Penyuluhan Kehutanan, 2013.
[7] D. Gupta, B. Bleakley, and R. K. Gupta, ‘Dragon’s blood: botany, chemistry and therapeutic uses’, Journal of ethnopharmacology, vol. 115, no. 3, pp. 361–380, 2008.
[8] Depkes R.I., ‘Farmakope Herbal Indonesia’, Jakarta: Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, p. 531, 2017.
[9] J. Basset, R. C. Denney, G. H. Jeffery, and J. Mendham, ‘Buku Ajar Vogel Kimia Analisis Kuantitatif Anorganik’, Terjemahan). Pudjaatmaja, AH, Setiono. L. Edisi Keempat. Jakarta, 1994.
[10] N. Nasri, V. E. Kaban, H. D. Syahputra, and D. Satria, ‘Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Alpukat (Persea americana Mill) Terhadap Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa’, Herbal Medicine Journal, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 13–19, 2022.
[11] R. I. Depkes, ‘Materia Medika Indonesia’, Health Department of Republic of Indonesia Jilid VI Jakarta, 1995.
[12] Depkes R.I., ‘Farmakope Indonesia Edisi IV’, Jakarta: Departemen Kesehatan RI, 1995.
[13] D. Gunawan and S. Mulyani, ‘Ilmu obat alam (farmakognosi)’, Penebar Swadaya, Jakarta, vol. 81, p. 83, 2004.
[14] A. Nur Rosidah, P. Endah Lestari, and P. Astuti, ‘Daya antibakteri ekstrak daun kendali (Hippobroma longiflora [L] G. Don) terhadap pertumbuhan streptococcus mutans’, 2014.